leitz jr



sept. 22, 1936.

E. LEITZ. .1R l

PROJECTION AND REPRODUCTION SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. 15, 1933 INVENTOR zZ//f- Sept. 22, 1936. E. LEITZ, JR

PROJECTION AND REPRODUCTION SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 15, 1935 my n V n 2% m l gf/lsf BY hy Patented sept. 22.1936

rATENT OFFICE PRGJECTION AND SYSTEM:

REPRODUCTIGN Ernst Leitz, Jr., Wetzlar, Germany, assigner to Ernst Leitz, Optische Werke, G. m. b. H., Wetzlar, Germany Application Feb 15, 3.933, Serial No. 656,822

2 (Gl. -l)

This invention relates to improvements in the projection or reproducing systems for color lms according to the Berthon system in which the iilter is usually arranged in front oi or within 5 the objective, and it is the'object of my invention to arrange the lter between the source ci light and the dim. Y

With such an arrangement the film is illuminated by rays which have already passed the lter and is thus considerably less heated than with the usual arrangements, thus permitting the use of lamps oi greater candle power.

In the practical embodiment of my invention I achieve this result either by making use of all the `light rays of a source of illumination or by using very simple mechanical means to produce the desired result.

In both instances the film lenticulations 'are directed Vtowards thesource of light so that an inverted picture is obtained which by means of a mirror is righted again. The picture appearing on the screen will be found to be composed of narrow colored stripes in contradistinction to the known projections in which one width of the lens screen appears uniformly colored. The pupil of the projection objective isnot divided into tri-colored stripes as heretofore but is uniformly illuminated. This arrangementmakes the sys-D tem particularly well adapted for the reproduction of colored films because another color lter or screen'may now be arranged in the pupil of the objective for the reproduction of the picture upon another lenticular lm. During projection this arrangement. has the advantage that proiection objectives of any local distance may be employed.

If however, the reflecting surfaces ofthe sources of lighthave not always an ideal, perfect-ly homogeneous surface brightness, the light-ray bunches striking a certain spot of the picture from diiferent directions havevarying degrees of brightness as they come from different points from a light source or of the intermediary pupil.

Therefore, according to my invention the A5 source of light' or an intermediary pupil are so arranged that while they ,allow the unequal distribution of the light in the plane ci the picture eld yet avoid the presence of color of dominant character of equal size, or in other words allow the reproduction of the source oi. light or of an intermediary pupil in the plane of the picture ileld. It is expedient with such arrangements to yprovide a wavy or corrugated glass face within 'the path of the rays oi. the source of light. However also the aforedescribed arrangement has still the disadvantage that for the perfect illumination of the filter, lm picture and objective a source of light of a comparatively great candle power must be employed.

The same degree of brightness can be obtained by making an enlarged picture with a source of light of comparatively small candle power by means oi a strong light condenser of short focal length and by means of aV second condenser of long focal length.

In order to avoid the presence of colors of dominant character with such an arrangement a shutter is pictured byl means of the second condenser in approximately 'the main point plane of the objective. This shutter may have a'shape allowing its displacement vertically to the lter stripes without altering the proportion of the colored areas cut from the ilter. The second condenser may be utilized for the purpose cf obtaining correct color values, to produce in the vicinity oi the iront principal plane of the objective an image of a diaphragm which is so shaped that whatever position in its own plane itmay occupy, it will uncover equal portions of the colors in the lter.

Furthermore, itis necessarytoavoid the appear-- ance ci color defects caused by the utilization ofA the second condenser. This I achieve by making the condenserhighly achromatic, even apochromatic or by selecting the width of the filter stripes proportionate to the enlargements of the three colored pictures of the shutter based on the physiological point of gravity. With such an arrangement it will also be possible to adapt the system to the diderent projection objectives.

The picture area of the shutter may either be changed by the interpolation of a cylinder lens between the filter and the lmv having its axis at right angles to the direction of the filter stripes corresponding to the main point plane of the objective. or the shutter or diaphragm may be adjusted in size to correspond to the optical constants of the lm and the aperture of the objective.

These and other objects and advantages of 717 invention will become more fully known as the description thereof proceeds and will then be more specifically dened in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings forming a material part of this disclosure:

Fig. l illustrates diagrammatically a film projection or reproduction system constructed according to my invention.

Fig. 2 shows the center part of a lenticular illm illustrating the reproduction oi! the colors.

. normal projection objectives.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 oi. the part thereof.

lower Fig. 4-il1ustrates the use of normal .projectionV objectives with my system.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the entire system.

Fig. 6 shows various forms of shutters or diaphragms used with my system.

Fig. 7 illustrates the reproduction of the shutter As illustrated in Figures 1 and 4, the full value` of the stream oiiight of the lamp L is received by a collector F'- is reproduced in L2 by means of an intermediary member L and by the collectivemember C in the projection objective; the lens L reproducing the plane F' in F2. In Figure 4 an arrangement is shown, permitting the use of I, II and m in Figures 2 and e represent each a manifold iilter as used in the making of the film. F designates the lenticular iilm, the lenses of which are directed towards the source of light. A condenser oi comparatively large diameter must here be used as other filters are arranged parallel to the lnormal lter stripes. The width of the iilters is so selected that the same color is reproduced on the same place by means of the neighbor lenses of the hlm.

The'ilm F is mounted with its lenticulations facing the source of light L. 'I'he filter comprises a series of parallel color stripes mounted in the same plane one above the other, with the colors arranged in a periodically repeating sequence. Thus in the example illustrated there are. three groups H, I. m of stripes each group having three colors (for example red, green, and blue) arfranged in the same order las in the other groups, so that each group is similar to the multi-color lter commonly used in the' camera for photo graphing the film. .The elements of the condenser F are of such a size as to ensure complete illumination of the illter stripes, the nlm and the objective.

The widths of the individual strips of the iilter and the intervening spaces between them, if they are not arranged in contact with one another, are chosen to suit the optical constants of the nlm, so that ilter strips of the same color are reproduced by the adjoining lenticulations of. the illm on the same strip oi the image-bearing layer of the ilm.

This is diagrammatically illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. Thus Figure 2 shows the rays approaching the central portion of the' photographic image, the rays from thek lter groups II, I, III, being respectively indicated at F. The rays from the central iilter group I lying on the optical axis follow paths exactly corresponding to those followed by the similarly colored rays when the film was exposed through a color filter in the camera, and it will be clear that for instance all the red rays approaching this portion 'of the lm will be incident .on that point of the image-bearing layer on which the red rays were incident during exposure in the camera.

Figure 3 similarly shows the rays approaching the lower edge of the photographic image where of course the light is mainly received from the lower two filter groups I, III, the corresponding ray groupsbeing indicated at I, II respectively.

Il.' the nim has ine lenticulatlons/ and is of rela- 2,055,237 tively great thickness the 'number of nlter'strips can be increased.

The iilter carrier is preferably adjustable inv position along the optical axis and its position is so chosen -(in a manner analogous to that known in other color picture photographicand projection-arrangements) in relation to widths of the lter strips as to suit the position and size of the virtual image of the lter used in the cam-` era in which the iim was exposed.

The foregoing arrangement requires the use of a source of light giving uniform intensity over its whole surface, if exact reproduction of the correct color values is to be obtained. For, with a source having' 'an uneven distribution oi intensity the rays of light approaching a given position on the photographic image from dierent directions will have diiierent intensities, since they emanate from diierent points oi the source, with the result that certain colors will be unduly accentuated in some parts of the projected picture and other colors in other parts.

To avoid this, the condensing system of `lenses is preferably so arranged as to produce an image substantially the same intensity and the color values at each position will be in the correct 'pro-i portions relatively to one another. It is therefore preferable in this case to provide a corrugated glass il or like surface in the path of the rays between the source of light and the iilm 'in order to spread the light laterally.

This arrangement by itself would necessitate the,use of a large source of light to give complete illumination over the whole eld, but the same veiect can also be obtained by magnifying a smaller source of light by means of a wide aperture condenser of short focal length in combination with a second condenser of long focal length, as illustrated in Figures 5 to 8 which wil nowA be described.

As shown in Figures 5 to 8 an image of the source'of light L is reproduced by means of a condenser Si of short focal distance and .of a condenser 82 of long focal distance in the plane of the nlm. R and a shutter B is reproduced through the condenser S2 at B.

Between the two condensers Si and B2 is mounted an adjustable diaphragm B and the condenser S2 acts to produce an image oi this diaphragm at Bi in the vicinity of the front principal plane of the objective. The multicolor iilter F is arranged in the manner above described with reference to Figures 1 to 4.

then be moved from is' to B" to 'suit the prin-f cipal plane o! the new objective. Furthermore,

the diaphragm B can be adjusted in size in accordance with the aperture of the objective and the optical constants or the nlm, in order to ensure-the cutting oir of equal amounts of the individual colors and to prevent the formation oi' 7 color dominants.

a,oss,ssv A 3 I'hediaphragmlsgivensuchashapethataiter its size has been correctly adjusted it will cut oi! equal amounts of the individual colors whatever o position lin its own plane it may occupy. This condition is met by a variety oi diaphragm shapes such for example as those illustrated in Figure 6 wherein the horimntal lines divide the area into bands corresponding to the individual color strips of the nlter.

Figure 6 shows at B2 a rectangularly shaped diaphragm and at B3 a diaphragm ol' shape, while B4 is a diaphragm o'i hexagonal shape all having appropriate dimensions. It will -be clear that many other shapes or combinations of shapes may be used to meet the above menitioned conditions.

'rne initial adjustment of the diaphragm size to suppress color dominants is eil'ecte'd in a direction perpendicular tothe direction ot the filter strips. -The method ot adjustment is indicatedat Il in Il'igure 5, andis generally analogous to that employed in'the well known iris diaphragm; Thus, with the diaphragm shapes oi Figure 6 the upper and lower edges of the diaphragm opening may be formed by the edges oi' shutters which can move vertically towards or away from one another to eilect the desired-jad- JUstment, the side edges of the opening remainingjnxed. It is also important. to safeguard against faulty color reproduction arising asresult oi chromatic aberrations in the condenser S2, this can be eiected by making 'the condensers as tar as possible achromatic even apochromatic. l

It however, as shown in Piguree a system B2 is'used which is chromatically uncorrected, the reproduction of the shutter B is etiected in different planes Br, Bg, Bb corresponding to the chromatic enlargement and longitudinal deviation of the system S2.

In sucha case the appearance Lof colorslofdominant character is avoided by selecting the width o'i the nlter stripes in filter l* proportionate to the chromatic enlargementsoi the system S2,-and a chromatic correction ot the system B2' is not required, l f

It will-be understood that I have described and shown the preferred forms ot my invention only as some examples ot themany possible `ways to practically construct the same and that I may make such changes in the general arrangements of the-system and the construction of the minor details thereoi as come within the scope of the appended claims without departure from the spirit of my invention and the principles involved.

Having \thus"`described my invention, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letters ,Patent is: l

l. In a projecting and projection-printing system for lenticular color-record illms an incandescent lamp constituting the source of light, and a corrugated'glass surface in the path of the. rays between said source of light and the nlm to spread the light laterally, a wide aperture condenser oi short focal length, and a condenser of longi'ocai length in said system, a diaphragm between both .condensers adjustable in` sire in with the optical constant o; the nlm and means to produce an image Voi' said diaphragm 'inthe' vicinity ofthe front principal plane oi the objective, said diaphragm so shaped as to uncover eq'ual portions ofthe various colors in the nlter in whatever position it oocupi in its own plane.

' objective system for producing an image of thek diaphragm, means to adjust the diaphragm image to suit the use` ot a different objective by interposingrbetween the nlter and the nlm. said means comprising a cylinder lens having its axis at right angles to. the direction of the nlter strips, the eiective widths of the individual nlter strips being adjusted approximately in proportion to the magnification produced by said optical system in the diaphragm image for the corresponding co ors.

mus'r Lanz. vJa. 

